Progress in targeting therapy of cancer metastasis by CCL21/CCR7 axis / 生物工程学报

Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality for cancer patients, and lymphatic metastasis is one of the main ways of tumor metastasis. The role of CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 in lymphatic metastasis has been increasingly concerned in recent years. CCR7 is mainly expressed by both dendritic cells and T cells for immune responses. CCL21, the chemokine ligand for CCR7, secreted from lymphatic endothelial cells binds CCR7 and recruits immune cells toward lymphatic vessels and lymphatic nodes. CCR7 expressed tumor cells can also metastasize to lymphatic system by the similar way as immune cells. Targeting CCL21/CCR7 axis to inhibit lymphatic metastasis but remain potent anti-tumor immune response has increasingly become a spot light of tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the role of CCL21/CCR7 axis in lymphatic metastasis, as well as preclinical trials and clinical trials in targeting CCL21/CCR7 axis for tumor metastasis therapy, hoping to accelerate the progress on tumor metastasis therapy by targeting CCL21/CCR7 axis.

Effect of CCL19/CCR7 on the central nervous system function / 国际药学研究杂志

The chemokine CCL19 and its receptor CCR7 are widely expressed in the body by several types of cells,including neutrophils,macrophages and glial cells.The CCL19/CCR7 signaling pathway participates in the process of inflammation,homing of lymphocytes as well as the physiological function.Recently,more and more attention has been focused on the role of CCL19/CCR7 in the nervous system and related diseases such as multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia.However,the effect of CCL19/CCR7 on the central nervous system(CNS)is not clear.This paper reviews the relations of CCL19/CCR7 to the CNS,in hope of sheding light on the significance of CCL19/CCR7 for the nervous system.

Proportion of CCR7loPD-1hi follicular helper T cell in peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients and its clinical role / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the proportion of CCR7loPD-1hi follicular helper T cell (Tfh) in peripheral blood of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its clinical role. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 31 SLE patients, 29 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, 12 Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients and 37 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), inducible costimulator (ICOS) and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 5 (SLAMF5) on surface of Tfh, and the frequencies of CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh and CCR7hiPD-1lo Tfh in peripheral blood. The correlation between the proportion of CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh in peripheral blood of SLE patients and clinical indicators and the proportion of plasmablasts was analyzed. Results The expression levels of CXCR3, ICOS and SLAMF5 were significantly higher on the surface of the CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh compared with those of the CCR7hiPD-1lo Tfh (t=3.73, 5.06 and 8.27; all P0.05). The proportion of CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh in peripheral blood of the SLE patients was positively correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), serum anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) titers and the proportion of plasmablasts (r=0.447 1, 0.517 4 and 0.466 9; all P<0.05). Conclusion Increased proportion of CCR7loPD-1hi Tfh in peripheral blood of the SLE patients is associated with increased SLEDAI and increased proportion of plasmablasts; and detecting the Tfh subsets can indirectly reflect the functional status of germinal center and B lymphocytes, which is of great significance for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of SLE.

Inhibitory effects of tanshinone ⅡA on migration and invasion of melanoma cells and their mechanisms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate effects of tanshinone ⅡAon the invasion and migration of melanoma A375 cells,as well as on the mRNA and protein expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7).Methods In vitro cultured A375 cells were divided into 4 groups to be treated with tanshinone ⅡA at different concentrations of 1,2 and 4 mg/L,and 0.1％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (control group) for 48 hours,respectively.Wound scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay were conducted to estimate the migratory and invasive abilities of A375 cells,respectively,and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7 in A375 cells,respectively.Results After 48-hour treatment,the 1-,2-and 4-mg/L tanshinone ⅡA groups showed significantly decreased number of A375 cells crossing the polycarbonate membrane per high-power field (× 200) (71.00 ± 4.00,51.00-± 2.00 and 37.00 ± 3.61,respectively) in Transwell invasion assay,as well as decreased number of A375 cells migrating to the scratch zone (301 ± 3.00,253.00 ± 3.61 and 126.00 ± 7.00,respectively) in wound scratch assay,compared with the control group (105.33 ± 6.51,332.00 ± 6.24,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7 was significantly lower in the 1-,2-and 4-mg/L tanshinone ⅡA groups than in the control groups (CXCR7 mRNA:0.63-± 0.04,0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.31 ± 0.01 vs.1.00 ± 0.02;CXCR7 protein:0.573 ± 0.015,0.416 ± 0.011 and 0.260-± 0.055 vs.0.9000 ± 0.010;all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,inhibitory effects of tanshinone ⅡA on the migration and invasion of A375 cells,as well as on the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7,were significantly enhanced with the increase of tanshinone ⅡA concentrations (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA can inhibit the migratory and invasive abilities of melanoma A375 cells by down-regulating CXCR7 expression.

Caracterização fenotípica e funcional das células T CD4+ e CD8+ VB12 na resposta imune em paciente com Leishmaniose Cutânea Localizada / Phenotypic and functional characterization of CD4 + and CD8 + VB12 T cells in the immune response in a patient with Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

As leishmanioses constituem um complexo de doenças causada pelo protozoário intracelular, do gênero Leishmania, sendo a resposta imune celular essencial para controle, eliminação e proteção contra a infecção. A teoria clonal da imunidade celular propõe que as respostas imunológicas são estabelecidas através do aumento na frequência de clones específicos ao antígeno. Para avaliar a resposta das células T à infecção por Leishmania, investigamos, por citometria de fluxo, a expressão de cadeias Vβ de receptores de células T (TCRs), estado de ativação, capacidade de adesão ao endotélio e potencial funcional de clones específico. Em um grupo de pacientes com Leishmaniose Cutânea Localizada (LCL), avaliamos diferentes subpopulações de células T através da expressão da região Vβ, no sangue periférico e na biópsia da lesão. Utilizamos células mononucleares de sangue periférico (CMSPs), de pacientes LCL e controles saudáveis, nas quais avaliamos, ex vivo, a expressão de moléculas de ativação (CD25, CD69 e HLA-DR), adesão (LFA-1, VLA-4 e CD62L), co-estimulatória (CD27 e CD28)...

Leishmaniasis is a desease caused by infection with the Leishmania protozoan parasite. The cellular immune response is essential for controlling, eliminating and protection of the Leishmania infection. The clonal theory of cellular immunity proposes that immunological responses are established by increasing the frequency of antigen-specific clones. In order to measure the host T cell response to Leishmania infection, we have investigated by flow cytometry, the expression of Vβ chains of T-cell receptors (TCRs), activation state, adhesion to endothelium of capacity and functional potential of specific T. In a group of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) patients, we evaluated different T cell subpopulations as identified by their Vβ region expression, in peripheral blood and biopsy. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), from CL patients and healthy volunteers, in which we evaluate, ex vivo, the expression of activation molecules (CD25, CD69 and HLA-DR), adhesion (LFA-1, VLA-4 and CD62L), co-stimulatory (CD27 and CD28)...

Silibinin, up-regulates chemokine receptor expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.

Introduction: Silibinin, a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from the milk thistle plant (Silybummarianum), has various applications in cancer therapy. This investigation aimed to examine the effects of silibinin on proliferation and chemokine receptor expression on MDA-MB-231 cells, a highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of silibinin on MDA-MB-231 cells was determined by micro-culture tetrazolium test (MTT) assay. In addition, the expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 genes in response to silibinin was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. Results: Data analysis from MTT assay showed that silibinin had dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231 cell line. Moreover, Real-Time PCR analysis showed that silibinin not only had no inhibitory effects on CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 gene expressions, but also could increase significantly the expression of these genes in a dose and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results revealed for the first time the increased possibility of CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 genes expression in response to silibinin in human breast cancer cells.

Expression of chemokine CCL19 and its role in colorectal carcinoma / 第二军医大学学报

To observe the expression of CCL19 in colorectal carcinoma tissues and to investigate its effect on proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Methods: The expression of CCL19 in 85 confirmed colorectal carcinoma tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray. SW620 cell line highly expressing CCR7(CCL19 receptor) as screened by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis was stimulated by different concentrations of rh-CCL19 (0, 10, and 100 ng/mL). Then the cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacity were examined by CCK-8, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. Results: Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR results demonstrated that CCL19 expression was significantly lower in the colorectal carcinoma tissues than in the normal tissues (P<0.05). CCL19 expression was associated with tumor size and invasion depth (P<0.01). Treatment with rh-CCL19 significantly decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of SW620 cells(P<0.05). Conclusion: CCL19 expression in colorectal cancer tissues is lower than that in the adjacent normal tissues, and the expression is associated with tumor size and invasion depth. CCL19 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of SW620 cells.

Chemokine receptor 7 implications of spleen dendritic cells in multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome in mice / Implicaciones del receptor de la quimiocina de tipo 7 de las células dendríticas del bazo en el síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple en ratones

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression of spleen dendritic cells (DCs) and their role in the changes of migration and activity of spleen DCs in multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS: The MODS model of mice was reproduced. The mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: normal, three-hour to six-hour, 24-hour to 48-hour, and 10-day to 12-day postzymosan injection. CD11c and CD205 were analysed by immunohistochemistry; the expressions of CD86 and CCR7 of DCs were studied using flow cytometry analyses. RESULTS: In normal mice, many DCs were found at the margin between the red and white pulp. In the three-hour to six-hour and 24- to 48-hour group, DC effectively upregulated CD86 and CCR7, and they were distributed in T-cell areas. In the 10-day to 12-day group, DCs were distributed at the margin by the immature form. CONCLUSION: The CCR7 expression level of DCs had close correlations with the migration of DCs. Chemokine receptor 7 can be used to evaluate the migration and functional activity of DCs in MODS.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio persigue explorar la expresión del receptor de la quimiocina 7 (CCR7) de células dendríticas del bazo (CD), y su papel en los cambios de la migración y la actividad del las células DC del bazo en el síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (SDOM). MÉTODOS: Se reprodujo el modelo SDOM de los ratones. Los ratones fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los siguientes grupos de inyección de post-zymosan: hora normal, tres a seis horas, 24 horas a 48 horas, y de 10 a 12 días. CD11c y CD205 fueron analizados mediante inmunohistoquímica. Las expresiones de CD86 y CCR7 de CD se estudiaron mediante análisis de citometría de flujo. RESULTADOS: En los ratones normales, muchas células CD fueron encontradas en el margen entre la pulpa roja y la blanca. En el grupo de tres a seis horas y el grupo de 24 a 48 horas, CD86y CCR7 fueron efectivamente sobre-regulados en CD, y distribuidos en las áreas de células T. En el grupo de 10 a 12 días, las CDs fueron distribuidas en el margen por la forma inmadura. CONCLUSIÓN: El nivel de expresión CCR7 de las CDs tuvo estrecha correlación con la migración de las CDs. El receptor de la quimiocina de tipo 7 puede utilizarse para evaluar la migración y la actividad funcional de las CDs en SDOM.

Significance of CCR7 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the CCR7 expression status in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and the relationship between CCR7 expression and lymph node metastasis,and analyze the impact of CCR7 expression on prognosis.Methods The expression levels of CCR7 in 57 BUC tissues and 10 normal bladder tissues were estimated by immunohistochemistry technique,and the correlation between CCR7 with lymph node metastasis,tumor stage,grade,number,size,relapse or not,and patients' age/sex of BUC was analyzed.The influence factors of lymph node metastasis were tested,and so were the influence factors of prognosis.Results The positive rate of CCR7 expression among 57 patients was 82.5％ (47/57) (high expression rate was 45.6％),which was higher than that in normal bladder tissue (20.0％,all were low expression,P ＜ 0.05).The high expression rate of CCR7 in lymph node metastasis group was 68.2％ (15/22),higher than that in none lymph node metastasis group (31.4％,11/35,P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of CCR7 had no significant correlation with tumor stage,grade or other parameters.CCR7 expression,tumor stage and tumor grade were correlated with lymph node status (P ＜ 0.05),but only the first was an independent one.High CCR7 expression had a significant link with low relapse free survival (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of CCR7 was highly expressed in BUC,which may be a positive independent influence factor of lymph node metastasis,and a predictor of poor prognosis.

Effects of X-rays on CC-chemokine receptor 7 expression in human lung cancer A549 cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To study the effects of X-ray radiation on CC-chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods Humanadenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and irradiated by X-ray at the absorbed doses of 2,4,6,and 8 Gy respectively by linear accelerator (with the source skin distance of 100 cm and dose rate of 442.89 cGy/min).The relative levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein expression in the A549 cells were respectively detected by real time-PCR and Western blotting 4,12,24,48,and 72 h after radiation.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.Results The expression levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein in the A549 cells began to increase since 4 h after radiation and then decreased gradually after they reached the peak.The CCR7 mRNA expression levels 72 h after radiation of the 6 and 8 Gy groups were still significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.75-7.26,both P < 0.01),and the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 2 and 6 Gy group were still significantly higher than those of the control group(t=11.13-14.17,both P <0.01).Then the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 4 and 8 Gy groups decreased to the control group level 48 and 72 h after radiation respectively.Conclusions The CCR7 mRNA and protein expression levels in the NSCLC cells increase after X-ray irradiation,which may be correlated with the promotion of proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by X-ray irradiation at a certain dose.

Expression of CCR7 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after esophagectomy: correlation with lymph node metastasis and prognosis / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 and its correlation with lymph node metastasis and prognosis in esophageal cancer after esophagectomy. Methods One hundred and eighty-four patients with middle third squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent operation in Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University between June, 2003 and June, 2005. The expression of CCR7 was detected by immunohistochemistry. All statistic analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software. According to the clinico-patho-logic factors, the difference of CCR7 expression was compared by x2 test. Kaplan-meier method was performed to calculate the survival rate, Cox regression multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent prognostic factors. Results The expression rate of CCR7 in stage Ⅰ , stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ patients was 25.0 % , 70.3% and 85.5% , respectively. The difference of CCR7 expression between stage Ⅱ and stageⅢ was statistically significant (x2 =5.0, P =0.02). The CCR7 expression rate in T1, T2 and T3 patients was 33.3% , 64.9% and 80.9% , respectively. The difference of CCR7 expression between T2and T3 was statistically significant (x2 =5.4, P =0.01). The level of expression of CCR7 in patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those without metastasis (x2 =10.8, P = 0.00). The 5-year survival rate instage Ⅰ , stage Ⅱand stage Ⅲ patients was 100.0% , 38. 3% and 22.4% , respectively. The 5-year survival rate in patients with CCR7 overexpression was significantly lower than those without CCR7 overexpression (x2 = 23.7, P = 0.00). The 5-year survival rate in T2, T3, NO and N1 patients with CCR7 overexpression was significantly lower than those without CCR7 overexpression The result of Cox analysis demonstrated that T , N and CCR7 overexpression were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion CCR7 expression was detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and was found to be significantly associated with T stage,N stage and lymph node metastasis. The patients with CCR7 expression was significantly lower the 5-year survival rate than without CCR7 expression. T stage, lymph node metastasis and CCR7 expression were independent prognostic factors.

CCL21/CCR7 axis and mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (CCL21) is a double-edged sword, which exerts antitumor, anti-infection immune response by binding to the receptor CCR7 on the surface of the multiple immune cells. However, a variety of tumor cells also express the receptor CCR7, the combination of CCL21 with CCR7promotes the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, leading to the facilitation of tumor development. Therefore,exploring the mechanism(s) of tumor invasion and metastasis might be helpful for use of CCL21 as tumor gene therapy through blocking of CCL21's promotion of tumor invasion and metastasis.

Screening and primary identification of anti-CCR7 scFv from large phage library / 中国药理学通报

Aim To screen and identify anti-CCR7 single chain fragments variable(scFv)from lager phage library and to detect the scFv efficiency.Methods The insert ratio of ScFv antibodies library was identified by PCR.The products digested by Sfi I/Not I double enzyme.Panning against breast cancer cell and CCR7 were performed four and three rounds respectively.Positive clones were transformed to E.coli HB2151, and their dissolvability was assayed.The soluble scFv was purified by affinity chromatography, and its relative molecular mass was determined by Western blot.The ELISA assay was used to identify the immunocompetence of the antibody.Immunocytochemical staining and radioimmunoimaging were employed to determine the affinities of scFv binding with CCR7 in cell line and in nude mice.Results The insert ratio of ScFv gene was 90%(18/20), enzyme digest reaction showed the aim products on 1% agarose gel.ScFvs were obviously enriched after 7 round panning.Western blot result showed soluble scFv's molecular mass was about 34 KD.ELISA analysis showed dissolved antibody had high immunocompetence to MDA-MB-435 s cells.Immunocytochemical staining and radioimmunoimaging indicated that ScFvs were bound efficiently to MDA-MB-435 s cells which expressed CCR7.Conclusions ScFvs against CCR7 are successfully acquired by screening the phage antibody library.The soluble ScFvs have high affinity and specifical binding to human breast cancer cells.

CCR7 implications of spleen dendritic cells in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore CCR7 expression in splenic dendritic cells and its role in migration and activity of splenic dendritic cells in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in mice.Methods:The MODS model of mice was reproduced by Zymosan injection into peritoneal cavity.The mice were randomly divided into groups of normal,3-6 hours,24-48 hours and 10-12 days post zymosan injection.CD11c and CD205 were analysed by immunohistochemistry;The expression of CD86 and CCR7 of DCs were studied by the flow cytometry analysis.Results:In normal mice,many DC were found at the margin between the red and white pulp.In the 3-6 h and 24-48 h groups,CD86 and CCR7 were strongly up-regulated in the DC,and they distributed in T cells areas.In the 10-12 d group,DC distributed at the margin by the immature form.Conclusion:The CCR7 expression level of DC has close correlations with the migration of DC,CCR7 can be used to evaluate the migration and functional activity of DC in MODS.

CCR7 Ligands Induced Expansion of Memory CD4+ T Cells and Protection from Viral Infection

BACKGROUND: CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 and cognate CCR7 ligands, CCL21 (formerly secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine [SLC]) and CCL19 (formerly Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine [ELC]), were known to establish microenvironment for the initiation of immune responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. As described previously, coadministration of DNA vaccine with CCR7 ligand-encoding plasmid DNA elicited enhanced humoral and cellular immunity via increasing the number of dendritic cells (DC) in secondary lymphoid tissue. The author hypothesized here that CCR7 ligand DNA could effectively expand memory CD4+ T cells to protect from viral infection likely via increasing DC number. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of CCR7 ligand DNA on the expansion of memory CD4+ T cells, DO11.10.BALB/c transgenic (Tg)-mice, which have highly frequent ovalbumin (OVA)(323-339) peptide-specific CD4+ T cells, were used. Tg-mice were previously injected with CCR7 ligand DNA, then immunized with OVA(323-339) peptide plus complete Freund's adjuvant. Subsequently, memory CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were analyzed by FACS analysis for memory phenotype (CD44(high) and CD62(Llow)) at memory stage. Memory CD4+ T cells recruited into inflammatory site induced with OVA-expressing virus were also analyzed. Finally, the protective efficacy against viral infection was evaluated. RESULTS: CCR7 ligand DNA-treated Tg-mice showed more expanded CD44(high) memory CD4+ T cells in PBL than control vector-treated animals. The increased number of memory CD4+ T cells recruited into inflammatory site was also observed in CCR7 ligand DNA-treated Tg-mice. Such effectively expanded memory CD4+ T cell population increased the protective immunity against virulent viral infection. CONCLUSION: These results document that CCR7 and its cognate ligands play an important role in intracellular infection through establishing optimal memory T cell. Moreover, CCR7 ligand could be useful as modulator in DNA vaccination against viral infection as well as cancer

Influence of lung IL-10 on dendritic cells in multiple organs dysfunction syndrome / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the influence of lung IL-10 on interstitial dendritic cells in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),and its role in immunological dysfunction.Methods The model of MODS was replicated by injecting zymosan into the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice.The mice were then randomly divided into normal groups as well as the groups of 3-6 hours,12-48 hours,5-7 days and 10-12 days post trauma.The level of CCR7 mRNA in lung was detected by RT-PCR and the proteins of CCR7 and IL-10 were immunohistochemically stained.The number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry.Results At the early stage of injury(3-6 hours),the number of IL-10 positive cells and the expression of CCR7 increased,but the number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood decreased.At the stage of 12-48 hours,the number of IL-10 positive cells and the expression of CCR7 continued to increase obviously,and that of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood went on decreasing.At the stage of 10-12 days,the number of IL-10 positive cells increased dramatically compared with that in normal group,but the expression of CCR7 declined obviously in contrast to that in 12-48 hours,and the number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood decreased to the lowest level.Conclusions The expression of IL-10 in lung could inhibit the excessive immunological damage induced by dendritic cells on the one hand,and it probably leads to immunosuppression by reducing the CCR7 expression of dendritic cells and the number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood on the other hand.

Study on memory T cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explored the mechanisms that lead to the changes of the memory T cell subsets.Methods:By using of flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), we detected the percentage of memory T cell subsets and plasma concentration of interleukin-15(IL-15) in peripheral blood of MS patients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, MS patients were subdivided into both relapse-remission MS(RRMS) and chronic progressive MS(CPMS) group according to the clinical features.Results:Compared to healthy controls, there was an increase and decrease in CD8~+T_ CM and terminal effector memory CD8~+T cell in MS patients(P

Characterization of memory T cells following stimulation with BCG / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To elucidate the characterization of antigen-specific memory T cells from PPD~+ individuals after stimulation with BCG in vitro.Methods:PBMCs were isolated from PPD~ -/+ normal human peripheral blood and stimulated with BCG. The level of IFN-? in the culture supernatants was assayed by ELISA and the frequency of IFN-?-producinging cells was detected by ELISPOT. The subsets and frequency of cytokine-producing cells were determined at a single cell level by flow cytometry.Results:After stimulation with BCG, PBMCs from PPD~+ but not PPD~- individuals produced significantly high levels of IFN-? in culture supernatants detected by ELISA(P